Narrow web with locked selvage and method of making same



c. F. LIBBY 2,584,891 NARROW wEE WITH LocKEn sELvAGE AND METHOD 0E MAKING sAME Feb. 5, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Aug. 6, 1946 Feb. 5, 1952 C, F, UBBY l 2,584,891

NARROW WEB WITH LOCKED SELVAGE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME JMW l /WZZ/ Feb. 5, 1952 Q F, UBBY 2,584,891

NARROW WEB WITH LOCKED SELVAGE AND METHOD 0F MAKING SAME Filed Aug. e, 1946 l 3 sheets-sheet 5 E ijf/eww E wh. (gm) Patented Feb. 5, 1952 OFFICE NARROW WEB WITH LOCKED SELVAGE i AND METHOD F MAKING SAME Carl F. Libby, Stoughton, Mass. Application August 6, 1946, Serial No. 688,773

9 Claims. 1 This invention relates to narrow webs such as are woven on needle looms wherein loops of two weft yarns are projected through the shed of warp threads from opposite sides in alternation, the shed being changed after each insertion of a loop. A loom for weaving fabrics of this kind is l shown and described in my Patent No. 2,180,831, granted November 21, 1939. In the loom therein shown, a knitting needle is mounted at each side of the shed to catch the loop projected through from the far side and to knit the end of the loop through the previously caught loop from the far side. Thus the loops of each weft yarn are successively knitted together along the edge of the web opposite to the side from which that yarn was introduced. It is evident that if a weft yarn breaks in such a fabric, it can be pulled out of the fabric progressively from the break since each time a loop is pulled outo'f the fabric, the next loop is released.

It is an object of the present invention to knit the selvages so that the loops of weft yarn are locked not only by the next loop of the same yarn but also by another yarn so that a break in one of the weft yarns does not release that yarn for progressive removal from the fabric. This can be done in a number of ways, some of them being hereinafter described, and illustrated on the drawings, of which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a narrow web in the process of being woven, showing one method of locking the selvages;

Figures 2, 3, and 4 are similar views showing other methods ofl locking the selvages.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figure l, when a loop of weft yarn is knitted through the previously formed loop of the same yarn, the other weft yarn is knitted with it, so that if one yarn breaks, the other yarn will prevent ravelling.

A series of warp threads I0 is shown in Figure l. Through the shed formed by these threads two filling or weft yarns are alternately projected from opposite sides by weft lingers I2 and I4 respectively. A pair of knitting needles I6 and I8 are provided on opposite sides of the shed to catch and knit loops of weft yarn projected through the shed from the opposite side. The knitting needles may be of the latch type or the spring type illustrated. Each knitting needle A when it knits a loop of yarn received from the other or far side of the shed, also knits with such yarn the yarn on the same or near side of the shed.

In describing the selvages shown in Figure 1,

the various loops will be mentioned in the reverse order to that in which they were formed. Thus on the needle I6 is a loop F1 of yarn which has been projected by the finger I4 from the far side of the shed, and a loop N1 of yarn from the near side of the shed. These two loops have just been pulled through a double loop consisting of the previous loop F2 projected by the finger I4 and a loop N2 of yarn on the near side, and the latter has been cast off. In like manner, the double loop F2, N2 extends through a double loop F3, N3 previously formed and caught by the knitting needle I6. The double loop F3, N3 extends through a double loop F4, N4, and so on.

' On the left hand side of the shed, the knitting needle I8 has just caught a'loop f1 brought over by the linger I2 from the far side and in descending will catch a loop n1 of yarn on the near side. This double loop will be knitted through a double loop f2, n2 which has previously been caught by the needle I8 in like manner and has been knitted through an earlier double loop f3, n3, and so on, corresponding previously formed loops being indicated at f4, 114 and f5, hs.

It should be noted that each of the two weft yarns is looped alternately on one side and the other of the shed. Thus one yarn includes the loops f1, N1, f2, N2, f3, et cetera.4 The otherweft yarn includes lthe loops m, F1, n2, F2, m, et cetera. 'I he arrangement and relation of the several loops can be more readily seen by coloring the two weft yarns with contrasting colors.

In the arrangement shown in Figure 2, two selvage yarns S and s are alternately knitted in with loops from the far side when the latter are knitted together. In this case the weft yarns are not knitted on their own side but only on the opposite side of the shed. The loops of weft yarn are projected through the shed alternately by fingers 22 and 24, the loops being caught and knitted by the knitting needles 26 and 28. The selvage yarns are supplied through guides 29 and 30 which move `the yarns into position to be 'caught by theknitting needles at the proper times.

The right hand selvage shown in Figure 2 includes a double loop F1, Si composed of the weft yarn from the far side' and the selvage yarn on the near side. This double loop is on the needle 26 which has knitted it through a double loop F2, S2. The latter has been cast 01T. The loop F2 is the previously formed loop of weft yarn from the far side, the loop Sz being the previously formed loop of selvage yarn on the near side. The double loop F2, S2, extends through a previously formed double loop F3, S3, and so on, the corresponding previously formed double loop being indicated at F4, S4.

On the left hand side, the knitting needle 28 has caught a loop f1 of weft yarn from the far side and will catch a loop s1 from the standing part of the selvage yarn s on the near side. These two loops will be knitted together through a double loop f2, s2, which has been previously formed in like manner and which extends through a double loop f3, s3, and so on, corresponding previously formed double loops being indicated at f4, si and f5, S5.

In making the web shown in Figure 3, the knitting needles 32 and 3d make twice as many stitches as those shown in the other gure's. Thus, both knitting needles knit each time a loop is projected through the shed. As a result, on each side of the shed single loops of the near weft yarn and the fariweft yarn are knitted through each other inalternation'.' In the selvage on? the right hand side.' the1 knitting needle 32 has caught ay loop F1 'of weft-yarn from the finger 38 fromithe far side of the shed and has pulled iti'ithrough a previouslycarriedloop N1 which has off. The loop'fN1, formed in the weft yarn on the near side, was previously pulled through a loopv F2 received from the finger 38. Thefloop F2 from the vfar'sideE passes through the loop N2 on the near side,l whichpasses through the-crosswarp loop Fafthe latter passing through theloop Na.

On the left hand side of Figure 3, the knitting needle 34 has received aloop f1 brought over from been cast thefar side by the fln'ge`r`36. This loop will be knitted through a loop 7151 lnow on the shank of the knitting needle 34, after which the loop n1 will be castoi. The loop mhas already been knitted through the previous loop f2 fromv the far side oi' the shedytheloopifzl has beenknitted through a loop n2 in the yarn on the near side, and so on. In this ligure, the weft yarn supplied from the right is represented by the characters f1, N1, f2, N2, f3, N3 and f4. The other weft yarn is represented by the characters n1, F2, n2, F3, m; F4 and m. f

Figure 4 illustrates a web having locked selvages in which 'two'yarns' are'employed on each side of the warp, 'the selvage yarns at each side of the warp'being alternately knitted with successive loops 'ofl weft yarn vprojected from the far side of the warp. As shown,'knitting needles 5l and 52 are mounted to the right and left of the warp threads Hl.` 'Weit yarnv ngers 53 and 54 are employed to project yarn loops through the shed alternately from the right and left. Two yarn' guides 55 and 56 are employed near the needle l5l of selvage yarns S and R. At the other side of the warp, two yarn guides 51 and 58 are employed for selvage yarns s and 1.

In the right hand selvage of the web, the needle 5I has just pulled a double loop F1, S1 through the double loop F2, R1 and has cast the latter off. The loop F1 is of weft yarn projected through the shed from the far side by the ringer 54. The loop S1 was picked up from the guide 55 when the loop F1 was taken from the finger 54. The loop F2 is the 'previous loop of weft yarn from the far side taken by the needle 5l, at which time the loop R1 was caught from the guide 56.

The'double loop F2, R1 was previously in like manner knitted through' the double loop F3, S2 consisting of the weft yarn from thefar side and the selvage yarn S; Prior to that, the 'double loop Fa, S2V was knitted' through the double loop F4, R2. Thus it is evident that the selvage is made by knitting each weft yarn loop from the far side through the previous loop of the same yarn, but locking each stitch by including a loop of one of the selvage yarns S and R, these being used alternately.

A web can be woven with but one weft yarn, the loops of this yarn being knitted successively together with loops of selvage yarn taken alternately from the guides 55 and 56. Figure 4, however, illustrates a web in which two weft yarns are used, the selvage on the left being made in a manner similar to that in which the right hand selvage is made, as described. The loop f1 of weft yarn from the far side is on the shank of the needle 52 which will pick up a loop T1 from the guide 58 when it descends. Lower on the needle shank is the double loop f1, s1 through which the double loop f1, r1 will be drawn.- The double loop f2, s1 has previously been drawn through the double loop f3, r2, andthe latter through the double loop f4, s2, the'loop' f4.' `s2 through the double loop f5, rsand so on. the selva'geyarns being alternately knitted withv successiveA loops of weft yarn projected from the far side.

I claim:

1. In 'a web comprising warp threads and two weft yarns extending across vthe warp in alternate loops from oppositesides of the warp, selvages along both edges of thefw'eb yin each of which the end portion of each cross-warp loop of weft yarn is knitted through ay loop of some other yarn ir. the web and has the end portion of another crosswarp loop knitted through it.

2,'A web as described in claim 1 in which said other yarn in each selvage is an extra selvage yarn.

3. In a web comprising warp threads and two weft yarns extending across the warp in alternate loops from opposite sides of the warp, selvages along both edges of the web in each of which the end portion of each cross-warp loop of weft yarn is knitted through a loop of the other welt yarn.

4, In av web comprising warp threads and two weft yarns extending across the warp in alternate loops from opposite'sides of the warp, selvages along both edges of the web in each of which the end' portion of each said loop of weft yarn is knitted with aA loopof the other weft yarn through a previously formed double loop of said yarns.

5. In a web comprising warp threads and two weft yarns extending across the warp in alternate loops from opposite sides of the warp, selvages along both edgesv of the web in each of which the end portion of each said loop of weft yarn is knitted through a loop of the other yarn which in turn is k'nittedfthrough the end portion of the previously formed cross-warp loop of the rst mentioned weft yarn.

6. In a web comprising warp threads and two weftr yarnsV extending across the warp in alternate loops from opposite sides of the Warp, selvages along both edges of the web in each of which the endportion of e'aeh said loop is knitted through a double loop of both said weft yarns.

'7. A method of forming selvages on narrow webs whereintwo vweft yarns are projected across the warp vin alternate loops from yarn supplies on opposite'sides of the warp, comprising catching each'loop of weftyarn projected from the side o'f'its supply, frming'therewith a loop of the other weft yarn, and'knitting the resulting double loop through a previously formed double loop of the same yarns,

"' 8. 'ZA method'of`-forn1ing selvages on narrow webs wherein two weft yarns are projected across the warp in alternate loops from yarn supplies on opposite sides of the Warp. comprising catching the end portion of each loop of weft yarn projected across the warp from the side of its supply, knitting said end portion through a previously formed loop of the other weft yarn. forming a new loop of said other yarn, and knitting said new loop through said end portion of the rst mentioned weft yarn.

9. In a web comprising warp threads and two weft yarns extending across the warp in alternate loops from opposite sides of the warp, knitted selvages along both edges of the web, each stitch of which is formed by knitting the end portion of a cross-warp loop of yarn together with a loop oi' another yarn through a previously formed double loop of yarn.

CARL F. LIBBY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are oi' record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS in Number Name Date 96.564 Duckworth Nov. 9, 1869 1,634,411 Fei'el July 5, 1927 FOREIGN PATENTS 15 Number Country Date 105,158 Australia Sept. 29. 1938 126,519 Great Britain May 15. 1919 

